In this paper the objective is to force the outputs of nonlinear nonaffine multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems to track those of a linear system with the desired properties.The approach is based on designing higher order sliding mode controller (HOSMC) with the definition of a new proportional-integral (PI) sliding surface.To this end, a linear
The variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus results in gradually increased virulence in poultry, and human cases continue to accumulate.The neuraminidase (NA) stalk region of influenza virus varies considerably and may associate with its virulence.The NA stalk region of all N1 subtype influenza A viruses can be divided into six di
Abstract Background Parasites Entamoeba spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis are prevalent pathogens causing gastrointestinal illnesses in animals and humans.Consequently, researches on their occurrence, distribution and hosts are crucial for the well-being of both animals and humans.Due to the confined spaces and frequent interaction bet
BackgroundFibrinogen is an essential hemostatic factor and cardiovascular disease risk factor.Early attempts at evaluating the causal effect of fibrinogen on coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infraction (MI) using Mendelian randomization (MR) used single variant approaches, and did not take advantage of recent genome-wide association stud